{"id":12162,"date":"2022-03-29T08:02:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T08:02:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/?page_id=12162"},"modified":"2022-08-17T09:40:55","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T09:40:55","slug":"for-tunnels-during-construction","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/","title":{"rendered":"For tunnels during construction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12162\" class=\"elementor elementor-12162\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45b41015 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"45b41015\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f32655b\" data-id=\"3f32655b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30af8fc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30af8fc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4855572 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4855572\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d47258f\" data-id=\"d47258f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c87938 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"5c87938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/p><p id=\u201cbreadcrumbs\u201d><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31a72b8b elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31a72b8b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e4bee87\" data-id=\"3e4bee87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72227632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"72227632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-69eba82edb819\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ld-fh-element elementor-heading-title lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left h3\"  > For tunnels during construction <\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31473c31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"31473c31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-69eba82edc700\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left p\"  > Tonon USA uses digital photogrammetry  to create three-dimensional models of the exposed ground, of the shotcrete surface, and of the final lining surface. To illustrate, the figures below show a 3-D model of an entire tunnel round: face, walls, and crown back 9 m, 30 ft from the face.<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c4bfc58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c4bfc58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aa9dccd\" data-id=\"aa9dccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68b4d28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"68b4d28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"111\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/111.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/111.jpeg\" alt=\"111\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"2 (1)\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2-1.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2-1.jpeg\" alt=\"2 (1)\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"3 (1)\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3-1.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/3-1.jpeg\" alt=\"3 (1)\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"4 (1)\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/4-1.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/4-1.jpeg\" alt=\"4 (1)\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"5aa\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5aa.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5aa.jpeg\" alt=\"5aa\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"6aa\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/6aa.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/6aa.jpeg\" alt=\"6aa\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"68b4d28\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"7\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/7.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/7.jpeg\" alt=\"7\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb03342 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"fb03342\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-69eba82ee1f65\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left p\"  > This is a series of detailed pictures of the model of the left wall.<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91031f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"91031f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a8\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a8.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a8.jpeg\" alt=\"a8\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a9\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a9.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a9.jpeg\" alt=\"a9\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a10\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a10.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a10.jpeg\" alt=\"a10\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a11\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a11.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a11.jpeg\" alt=\"a11\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a12\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a12.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a12.jpeg\" alt=\"a12\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"a13\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a13.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/a13.jpeg\" alt=\"a13\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"14 (1)\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14-1.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/14-1.jpeg\" alt=\"14 (1)\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"15\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/15.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/15.jpeg\" alt=\"15\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"91031f8\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"16\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/16.jpeg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/16.jpeg\" alt=\"16\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-542d8f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"542d8f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-69eba82ee58ce\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"ld-fh-element lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left p\"  > Tonon USA synchronizes with the contractor, and data acquisition never affects the construction schedule. The data acquisition at the tunnel heading takes about 15 minutes (if a 3-D model of the entire round must be made: face, walls, and crown back 9 m, 30 ft from the face), or 2 minutes (if a 3-D model only of the face must be made). These three-dimensional models textured with high resolution pictures may be used to (click on each item for details):<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c7d191 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c7d191\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/fracture-mapping-and-analysis-for-tunnel-construction\/\">Carry out a detailed fracture mapping and analysis on the tunnel face, walls and crown at each round.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reconstruct the entire rock mass exposed at the tunnel walls and crown, even if covered with shotcrete.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/shotcrete-thickness\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Calculate the shotcrete thickness at each point of the sprayed\u00a0 tunnel surface.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/waviness-of-the-primary-lining\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Determine the waviness of the primary linining onto which a waterproofing membrane is to be applied.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/over-and-under-excavation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Determine the-over and-under excavation along the tunnel profile at any stationing and over-and under-excavation volume over\u00a0 any stationin interval.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/three-dimensional-model-of-the-first-phase-coating\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Obtain a three-dimensional model of the primary lining surface to be used as a reference for the determination (at any point) of the final linning thickness.<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/3-d-geo-referenced-as-built-of-the-final-lining\/\">Obtain the georeferenced three-dimensional model of the final coating, made with high-resolution photographs; starting point for future inspections (new tunnels)<\/a>.<\/li><li>Determine the intrados profile of shotcrete or cast-in-place concrete at discrete stationing (e.g., 100, 200 m spacing).\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For tunnels during construction Tonon USA uses digital photogrammetry to create three-dimensional models of the exposed ground, of the shotcrete surface, and of the final lining surface. To illustrate, the figures below show a 3-D model of an entire tunnel round: face, walls, and crown back 9 m, 30 ft from the face. This is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12150,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12162","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>For tunnels during construction - Tononeng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"For tunnels during construction - Tononeng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"For tunnels during construction Tonon USA uses digital photogrammetry to create three-dimensional models of the exposed ground, of the shotcrete surface, and of the final lining surface. To illustrate, the figures below show a 3-D model of an entire tunnel round: face, walls, and crown back 9 m, 30 ft from the face. 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