{"id":12183,"date":"2022-03-29T08:17:08","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T08:17:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/?page_id=12183"},"modified":"2022-08-17T09:41:04","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T09:41:04","slug":"reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/","title":{"rendered":"Reconstruct the entire rock mass"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12183\" class=\"elementor elementor-12183\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45b41015 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"45b41015\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f32655b\" data-id=\"3f32655b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-10c4a18 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"10c4a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f71a26a\" data-id=\"f71a26a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3d66aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"b3d66aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/p><p id=\u201cbreadcrumbs\u201d><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31a72b8b elementor-reverse-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31a72b8b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3e4bee87\" data-id=\"3e4bee87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72227632 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"72227632\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-69ebc06ca3185\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"ld-fh-element elementor-heading-title lqd-highlight-underline lqd-highlight-grow-left h3\"  > Reconstruct the entire rock mass<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4daff4e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4daff4e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aeda0fb\" data-id=\"aeda0fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1243a64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1243a64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"382\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_1-1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_1-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_1-1-300x147.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-86d7c2f\" data-id=\"86d7c2f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-918a742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"918a742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"382\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_2-1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_2-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_2-1-300x147.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e186145 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e186145\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ef0127\" data-id=\"5ef0127\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8bbb37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d8bbb37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>The figures above show examples of 3-D models of three left rock wall \u201cwindows\u201d exposed in three consecutive rounds. Each rock wall window was shotcreted at the next round, and therefore it was not visible starting from the next round. Therefore, these are virtual representations because the shotcrete covers the rock exposed in all preceding rounds, and leaves only the last round exposed. The gaps between adjacent rock \u201cwindows\u201d are caused by the presence of shotcrete or muck at the base of the face.<\/p><p>These representations allow one to<strong> highlight relationships between fractures and fracture sets<\/strong> that otherwise would go unnoticed. For example, it is evident:<\/p><p>\u2022 The lack of K1 (cyan colour) in the second round.<\/p><p>\u2022 The lack of K4 (orange colour) at the end of each round. K4 only appears in the following round when the tunnel face is no longer vertical, but inclined and parallel to K4.<\/p><p>\u2022 The lack of K3 (red) and K5 (purple) at the third round; this contrasts with the large presence of K5 in the second round.<\/p><p>These three rounds also make it clear how important it is to have proper lighting. In the first round, only the lights brought in by Tonon USA were used, whereas in the second and third round the contractor\u2019s light was left on. Tonon USA lights are properly balanced and set to the proper temperature in order to reveal the actual colour of the rock: a necessary condition to properly distinguish different rock types, and identify water seepage.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b4161f3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b4161f3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cdc0c27\" data-id=\"cdc0c27\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c2bac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c2bac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"337\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_3.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_3.jpg 960w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_3-300x130.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cfad9c7\" data-id=\"cfad9c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f40ffc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f40ffc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"331\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_4.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_4.jpg 960w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_4-300x127.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3db68a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3db68a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3273f39\" data-id=\"3273f39\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab8afd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab8afd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here are two views of an entire rock cavern, which is 155 m (508 ft) long, 12.5 m (41 ft) wide, and 11 m (36 ft) high. The cavern was shotcreted once the face had advanced 30-50 m: the rock mass over the entire excavation is only visible on the computer! The value of such a 3-D documentation, which is permanently available, is invaluable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reconstruct the entire rock mass The figures above show examples of 3-D models of three left rock wall \u201cwindows\u201d exposed in three consecutive rounds. Each rock wall window was shotcreted at the next round, and therefore it was not visible starting from the next round. Therefore, these are virtual representations because the shotcrete covers the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12162,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12183","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Reconstruct the entire rock mass - Tononeng<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Reconstruct the entire rock mass - Tononeng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Reconstruct the entire rock mass The figures above show examples of 3-D models of three left rock wall \u201cwindows\u201d exposed in three consecutive rounds. Each rock wall window was shotcreted at the next round, and therefore it was not visible starting from the next round. Therefore, these are virtual representations because the shotcrete covers the [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Tononeng\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-08-17T09:41:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/2_1-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\",\"name\":\"Reconstruct the entire rock mass - Tononeng\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-29T08:17:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-08-17T09:41:04+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Services\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Photogrammetry and 3-D modelling\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":4,\"name\":\"For tunnels during construction\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":5,\"name\":\"Reconstruct the entire rock mass\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/\",\"name\":\"Tononeng\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"it-IT\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Reconstruct the entire rock mass - Tononeng","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/reconstruct-the-entire-rock-mass\/","og_locale":"it_IT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Reconstruct the entire rock mass - Tononeng","og_description":"Reconstruct the entire rock mass The figures above show examples of 3-D models of three left rock wall \u201cwindows\u201d exposed in three consecutive rounds. Each rock wall window was shotcreted at the next round, and therefore it was not visible starting from the next round. 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