{"id":12189,"date":"2022-03-29T08:31:24","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T08:31:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/?page_id=12189"},"modified":"2022-09-08T12:59:51","modified_gmt":"2022-09-08T12:59:51","slug":"over-and-under-excavation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/over-and-under-excavation\/","title":{"rendered":"Over and under excavation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"12189\" class=\"elementor elementor-12189\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-45b41015 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"45b41015\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f32655b\" data-id=\"3f32655b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-562d64a1 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"562d64a1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3411f56d\" data-id=\"3411f56d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-151457c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"151457c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<\/p><p id=\u201cbreadcrumbs\u201d><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b49d543 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b49d543\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c3e41a3\" data-id=\"c3e41a3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30af8fc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30af8fc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<h4>Over and under excavation<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dea706e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dea706e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.5.2 - 22-12-2021 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"780\" height=\"382\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_1.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_1-300x147.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115b607 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"115b607\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here is an example of the<strong>three-dimensional textured surface for a shotcrete intrados <\/strong>spanning three rounds; cross-sections orthogonal to the tunnel axis are taken at 1 m (3ft) spacing (in green). Cross-sections can actually be taken at any point and at any spacing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-535f38d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"535f38d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e8de4e0\" data-id=\"e8de4e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4497f59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4497f59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"266\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_2.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_2.jpg 320w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_2-300x249.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6903254 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6903254\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The<b> design profile<\/b> may be superimposed to the cross-sections obtained from the <strong>3-D model <\/strong>in order to determine over- and under-excavation. For example, the figure gives Cross-section no. 6, which has an over-excavation area of 11.929 m2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-82fdae6\" data-id=\"82fdae6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cf1ec7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6cf1ec7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"320\" height=\"289\" src=\"\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&#039; viewBox=&#039;0 0  &#039;%3E%3C\/svg%3E\" class=\"attachment-large size-large ld-lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-src=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_3.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_3.jpg 320w, https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/5_3-300x271.jpg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 320px) 100vw, 320px\" data-aspect=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-579c137 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"579c137\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Here is the <strong>over-excavation<\/strong> &nbsp;of all cross-sections (from 1 to 10). Besides representations of over- and under- excavations as shown above, Tonon USA provides:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Calculation of over- and under- excavation volumes<\/strong> over a specified tunnel chainage range;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Georeferenced shotcrete profiles<\/strong> in a dxf or dwg file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over and under excavation Here is an example of thethree-dimensional textured surface for a shotcrete intrados spanning three rounds; cross-sections orthogonal to the tunnel axis are taken at 1 m (3ft) spacing (in green). Cross-sections can actually be taken at any point and at any spacing. The design profile may be superimposed to the cross-sections [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12162,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12189","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Over and under excavation | Tonon USA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Over and under excavation: Georeferenced shotcrete profiles\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/tononeng.com\/tonon-usa\/services\/photogrammetry-and-3-d-modelling\/for-tunnels-during-construction\/over-and-under-excavation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta 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